Political Aspects of the Classical Age of Greece

Political Aspects of the Classical Age of Greece This is a brief introduction to the Classical Age in Greece, a period that followed the Archaic Age and lasted through the creation of a Greek empire, by Alexander the Great. The Classical Age was characterized by most of the cultural wonders that we associate with ancient Greece. It corresponds with the period of the height of democracy, the flowering of Greek tragedy, and the architectural marvels at Athens. The Classical Age of Greece begins either with with the fall of the Athenian tyrant Hippias, son of Peisistratos/Pisistratus, in 510 B.C., or the Persian Wars, which the Greeks fought against the Persians in Greece and Asia Minor from 490-479 B.C. When you think of the movie 300, youre thinking of one of the battles fought during the Persian Wars. Solon, Peisistratus, Cleisthenes, and the Rise of Democracy When the Greeks adopted democracy it wasnt an overnight affair or a question of throwing out monarchs. The process developed and changed over time. The Classical Age of Greece ends with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. Besides war and conquest, in the Classical period, the Greeks produced great literature, poetry, philosophy, drama, and art. This was the time when the genre of history was first established. It also produced the institution we know of as Athenian democracy. Alexander the Great Profile The Macedonians Philip and Alexander put an end to the power of the individual city-states at the same time they spread the culture of the Greeks all the way to the Indian Sea. Rise of Democracy One unique contribution of the Greeks, democracy lasted beyond the Classical period and had its roots in the earlier time, but it still characterized the Classical age. During the era before the Classical Age, in what is sometimes called the Archaic Age, Athens and Sparta had followed different paths. Sparta had two kings and an oligarchic government while Athens had instituted democracy. Etymology of Oligarchy oligos few arche rule Etymology of Democracy demos the people of a country krateo rule A Spartan woman had the right to own property, whereas, in Athens, she had few freedoms. In Sparta, men and women served the state; in Athens, they served the Oikos household/family. Etymology of Economy Economy oikos home nomos custom, usage, ordinance Men were trained in Sparta to be laconic warriors and in Athens to be public speakers. Persian Wars Despite an almost endless series of differences, the Hellenes from Sparta, Athens, and elsewhere fought together against the monarchical Persian Empire. In 479 they repelled the numerically mightier Persian force from the Greek mainland. Peloponnesian and Delian Alliances For the next few decades after the end of the Persian Wars, relations between the 2 major poleis city-states deteriorated. The Spartans, who had earlier been the unquestioned leaders of the Greeks, suspected Athens (a new naval power) of trying to take control of all of Greece. Most of the poleis on the Peloponnese allied with Sparta. Athens was at the head of the poleis in the Delian League. Its members were along the coast of the Aegean Sea and on islands in it. The Delian League initially had been formed against the Persian Empire, but finding it lucrative, Athens transformed it into its own empire. Pericles, the foremost statesman of Athens from 461-429, introduced payment for public offices so more of the population than just the rich could hold them. Pericles initiated the building of the Parthenon, which was supervised by the famed Athenian sculptor Pheidias. Drama and philosophy flourished. Peloponnesian War and Its Aftermath Tensions between the Peloponnesian and Delian alliances mounted. The Peloponnesian War broke out in 431 and lasted for 27 years. Pericles, along with many others, died of plague early in the war. Even after the end of the Peloponnesian War, which Athens lost, Thebes, Sparta, and Athens continued to take turns as the dominant Greek power. Instead of one of them becoming the clear leader, they dissipated their strength and fell prey to the empire-building Macedonian king Phillip II and his son Alexander the Great. Historians of the Archaic and Classical Period HerodotusPlutarchStraboPausaniasThucydidesDiodorus SiculusXenophonDemosthenesAeschinesNeposJustin Historians of the Period When Greece Was Dominated by the Macedonians DiodorusJustinThucydidesArrian fragments of Arrian found in PhotiusDemosthenesAeschinesPlutarch

The Top 14 Miracle on 34th Street Quotes

The Top 14 'Miracle on 34th Street' Quotes Do you remember the most memorable quotes from Miracle on 34th Street? If you grew up watching this  feel-good 1947 Christmas classic, as many people did, you no doubt have retained the basic plotline of the film. Or, you may be familiar with the 1994  theatrical remake. Edmund Gwenn stars, in an outstanding performance, as Kris Kringle- the benevolent Santa Claus. Christmas time, however, has become a commercial racket where shoppers try to get the best deals and stores outdo each other in attracting consumers. This movie spins that a bit and brings a whole lot of fun and entertainment. But, over time, the most touching  lines in the film may have escaped your memory, unless youre a particularly die-hard fan. Relive the film, and your childhood, with these Miracle on 34th Street quotes. Faith, Commercialism, and Santa on 34th Street Kris KringleOh, Christmas isnt just a day, its a frame of mind... and thats whats been changing. Thats why Im glad Im here, maybe I can do something about it. Fred GaileyLook Doris, someday youre going to find that your way of facing this realistic world just doesnt work. And when you do, dont overlook those lovely intangibles. Youll discover those are the only things that are worthwhile. Susan WalkerI believe... I believe... Its silly, but I believe. Susan WalkerIf youre really Santa Claus, you can get it for me. And if you cant, youre only a nice man with a white beard, like mother says. Fred GaileyAll my life Ive wondered something, and nows my chance to find out. Im going to find the answer to a question thats puzzled the world for centuries. Does Santa Claus sleep with his whiskers outside or in? Kris KringleNow wait a minute, Susie. Just because every child cant get his wish that doesnt mean there isnt a Santa Claus. Susan WalkerYou mean its like, If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. Kris KringleTo market, to market, to buy a fat pig! Home again, home again, jiggety-jig. To market, to market, to buy a fat hog! Home again, home again, jiggety... Doris WalkerFaith is believing in things when common sense tells you not to. Doris WalkerSusan, I speak French, but that does not make me Joan of Arc. Doris WalkerAnd by filling them full of fairy tales they grow up considering life a fantasy instead of reality. Mr. ShellhammerI just know that with that man on the throne my department will sell more toys than it ever has. I just feel it. AlfredThere is a lot of bad isms floating around this world and one of the worst is commercialism. Charles HalloranAll right, you go back and tell them that the New York State Supreme Court rules theres no Santa Claus. Its all over the papers. The kids read it and they dont hang up their stockings.

Difference in Work for Information Technology Management with Sarbanes Essay

Difference in Work for Information Technology Management with Sarbanes Oxley Act - Essay Example The major focus is on the role of the Information Technology managers and how they are responsible to reengineer and manage the business processes to implement the Sarbanes Oxley act, with the key issues that really need to be addressed by the managers to be successful in implementing the act. The Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) Information technology controls play a sound role in business and accounting. These controls are activities especially designed to ensure that organizations business objectives are met. These controls are majorly related to data integrity and availability with the IT functions management. Information Controls get importance in United States after the release of Sarbanes-Oxley act in July 2002. The act was passed in response to the business and accounting scandals of USA corporate firms. This act provided new standards to the corporate firms which explicitly define the laws which are mandatory to be followed when working with financial data, interactions in corporate cul ture and audit controls that assure the accuracy of financial statements. Compliance with the laws should not be discouraged; it should be handled parallel to other legislative laws with appropriate analysis. Sarbanes Oxley Act The act affects American corporate firms in terms of what the management should do to ensure the auditor’s are independent of their clients. ... ct After the implementation of Sarbanes Oxley a big change come which affected the corporate companies and its management financially and legally (Tricia Bisoux, July/August 2005). Under the Section 404 the senior management will be responsible for every pros or cons in the financial statements and audit reports (Sans Institute,2005). These acts were defined when American company Enron personnel’s refuses to accept the discrepancies in their company’s financial reports. As a result this legislation meant a lot to the companies of USA. Responsibility of Information Technology Managers Information Technology has become an integral part of every organization which ranges from small private organizations to big multi-national or corporate firms. They will surely need an Information Technology department with the efficient management who will be managing the business process alignment with the business objectives. To attain this goal Organizations Company hires senior manage ment in the IT, who will act as a sole responsible for the business objective. As Sarbanes Oxley focus majorly on the laws that has become the mandatory part for every public trade company, these IT Managers will be serving as the chief role in accomplishing the act. They will need to ensure the compliance of the every function with the established principles by the senior management. What the IT Managers are required to reengineer the business processes in parallel to the laws to implement the act effectively and in different way. Every process should ensure compliance of standards. In this regards the most significant role is being played by the Manager himself. To fully implement the Sarbanes Oxley law they need go for the change of senior management and board of director’s way of working and

The Dangers Of Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Dangers Of Smoking - Essay Example Therefore, it will be the express intent of this author to focus upon the risk of cancer, breathing diseases, up to and including emphysema, and heart disease that smoking has been known to trigger. Moreover, the analysis will also consider the secondary health affects that smoking can visit upon the individual exposed to â€Å"secondhand† smoke or passive smoking. Through such an analysis, the far reaching and broad health impacts that smoking portends can readily be noted. Whereas many individuals are of the opinion that smoking is a dangerous process that threatens the overall health and well-being of the individual, the fact of the matter is that the overall scope of danger that smoking represents is much greater than most individuals realized. Accordingly, as a means of categorizing this danger and promoting a level of understanding with respect to the full range of damaging impact that smoking can have upon the individual, this brief analysis will consider and discuss th e litany of negative health impacts that smoking engenders. ... will make is one that I based on a logical framework of understanding the known risks which smoking provides to both the smoker and to those that inhale the second-hand smoke. Firstly, it must be understood that smoking accounts for nearly ? million deaths each and every year within the United States. This is a figure that is larger than the overall number of people that succumb to HIV/AIDS, illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle death, suicide, or murders combined. As such, the overall scope of the damage that smoking can have upon an individual is profound and affects their life in a number of different ways. Most obviously, high rates of lung cancer can almost entirely be attributed to smoking. Current estimates place this number from 80-90% of all lung cancer cases; depending upon what demographic and gender is measured. Regardless of the actual number, the statistics that have been provided show that smoking is invariably attributed to high rates of lung cancer and death. Yet, this statistic oftentimes confuses individuals who assume that lung cancer is the only means through which smoking can adversely impact upon the overall health of an individual. However, smoking also increases the chances of developed coronary heart disease by up to several times the normal rate. Moreover, a vast percentage of all deaths that are the result of chronic obstructive lung disease are normally caused by cancer. Yet, of all of the health impacts that can be felt, it is the health impact of cardiovascular disease that is the most overlooked. Due to the impact that nicotine has as well as the artery hardening properties of prolonged exposure to first or second hand cigarette smoke, the narrowing of blood vessels helps to put smokers at high risk for any type of blockage or

Deer hunting Essay Example for Free

Deer hunting Essay Today deer hunting is one of the most popular types of hunting in South Georgia. Although there are several ways to hunt deer, the two most frequently used are rifle hunting and bow hunting. Both are a great way to spend the day hunting, but there are a few differences between the styles. The cost of rifle hunting is significantly higher due to the equipment needed. Some rifles can cost as much as two thousand dollars. With some additions to the rifle, like scopes costing just as much as the rifle itself; some rifle packages can range over five thousand dollars. Ammunition is also a high cost in rifle hunting. Boxes of ammunition can range up to twenty five dollars and can not be reused. The cost of bow hunting is lower than rifle hunting due to the low cost of the equipment. Most bows range between five hundred to a thousand dollars. The arrows for the bow can be sometimes be more costly than ammunition if a high quality arrow is purchased. However unlike the rifle ammunition, the arrows can be reused many times before they start to lose their effectiveness. The rifle hunting season does not start right when deer season actually begins. The deer are still abundant, but you are not able to hunt the first few weeks of deer season. The woods are also crowded with hunters during rifle season since more hunters rifle hunt than bow hunt. Bow hunting season starts right when deer season starts and gives you the opportunity to beat the crowds to the woods. This is a great time of the season to really enjoy the hunt without having to worry about running into another hunter. Since the big deer seem to be more prevalent during the first few weeks of the season; you may have the chance to see that big buck that you always wanted to see. Using a rife does increase your accuracy and range. With the proper scope, the rifle can have up to five times the range of a bow. However, wind speed  down range can affect the path of the bullet. It can sometimes be hard to discern what the wind is doing three hundred yards away from you. However since the rifle is so powerful, your aim does not have to be perfect to kill the deer. Using a bow means decreased accuracy and range. Bows do not typically come with scopes, but with open sights. This means that you rely on your eyes to line up the cross hairs versus a scope doing it for you. Wind direction and speed has an impact on arrows also. However since the range is limited, you can judge by the wind around you. This means it is easier to adjust for the wind shifting. Since a bow is less powerful the accuracy of the shot has to be near perfect to make a kill. Using a rifle during hunting also requires less skill as a hunter. Since the accuracy is so high at long ranges, stealth is not as crucial. A small understanding of the deer’s natural habits is needed. Since you have distance on your side you don’t have to be concerned so much over whether or not the deer can smell you or not. Rifle hunting is also considered one of the easier types of deer hunting and is used a lot by beginners. Using a bow however requires a lot more skill as a hunter. Since the accuracy and range of the bow is limited, you find you have to be extremely close to the deer to make a shot. Camouflage and stealth are critical elements in achieving this. You also have to have a fair amount of knowledge about the deer itself. Since the deer can smell you at this range you have to understand how to avoid the deer getting your scent. Bow hunting is considered a little harder and is used by seasoned hunters. Rifle hunting and bow hunting both will make your day more enjoyable no matter which one you choose. Rifle hunting will give you the assurance of knowing you can kill your first deer. However bow hunting will give you the thrill of the hunt and make you long to come back the next day to get that one you missed. After all, that’s why they call it hunting.

Electronic File Sharing Essays -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Electronic File Sharing Often times new technology enables completely new activities, discoveries, and ways of living, once not possible without that particular technology. An example of this would be the microscope and telescope, which now allow us to see things not possible before. Other times, new technology allows us to do things which we did before, but in a different way.1 A good example of this is electronic file sharing over the Internet. Unauthorized file sharing was possible before the Internet, but on a much smaller scale. One person might have physically borrowed a music cd from another person and made a copy. With the Internet, it became possible for a single person to share (more like distribute without authorization) with the whole world with ease. This has allowed for the much more significant financial damage to the parties being taken advantage of, in this case, the music industry. In my view, this is wrong. Unauthorized file sharing is bad for all parties, whether they know it o r not, and should not be allowed. There are a couple of technologies that have really helped facilitate electronic file sharing. The first one is the MP3 file format. MP3 is a file format (like JPEG, DOC) which is used to store audible data (songs). It is a file compression format that reduces the size of files by 10-12 times. This compression is very valuable in that it allows quicker transfer of songs over the Internet.2 The second one is peer-to-peer architecture. The main characteristic of a pure peer to peer architecture is that peers interact directly with other peers without any centralized servers. This is different from most web applications (like amazon.com), which are client-server architectures. In c... ...on Post, 24 Jan. 2004, . 15. David McGuire, A Winning Strategy on Internet Piracy?, 2004, Washington Post, 24 Jan. 2004, . 16. Santa Clara University, Chapter 6. Ethics, 3. 17. Santa Clara University, Chapter 6. Ethics, 3. 18. Santa Clara University, Chapter 6. Ethics, 3. 19. Santa Clara University, Chapter 6. Ethics, 3. 20. Santa Clara University, Chapter 6. Ethics, 3. 21. BBC, EMI Boss Defends Music Industry, 2003, BBC, 24 Jan. 2004, . 22. BBC, Strong Debut for iTunes for PCs, 2003, BBC, 24 Jan. 2004, .

Understanding Your Fats and Fiber

When people discuss diet and health there are many stigmas, one of them being that all fats are bad. While fats can be harmful if taken in excess, there are many different types of fats that make up this category. The fats that make up category are: saturated fats, unsaturated fats, trans-fatty acids and hydrogenated fats. Each of these fats are different and all play a role in your diet, some give much needed nutrients, while others have low nutritional value. One of the essential things that is given from fats in your food are the essential fatty acids or EFA; these are essential and important to take in from your food because the body is incapable of producing EFAs (â€Å"Fat Facts: Good Fats Vs. Bad Fats†, 2013). Fat also carries other necessary vitamins to include: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. According to Dr. Wahida Karmally, â€Å"Fat is also necessary for maintaining healthy skin, and it plays a central role in promoting proper eyesight and brain development in babies and children. However, fats can still pack on the bulge, at 9 calories per gram, of any type of fat, has more than twice the calories of carbohydrates and protein (â€Å"Fat Facts: Good Fats Vs. Bad Fats†, 2013). Diets that are high in saturated and Trans fatty acids are known to raise blood cholesterol and can produce artery clogging compounds. This blocks oxygen flow to the heart, as well as, to the brain. Both saturated and Trans fat are daily fats that you need to limit in your diet. Saturated fats can be found in meats, butter and ice cream; while Trans fats are found in things such as margarines and packaged foods. Trans fats are present in fatty meats and full-fat dairy foods (â€Å"Fat Facts: Good Fats Vs. Bad Fats†, 2013), most Trans fats are an end product of hydrogenation. Hydrogenation converts oil into a firmer, better tasting product and giving it a longer shelf life, in this process, some of the unsaturated fat in the oil becomes saturated (â€Å"Fat Facts: Good Fats Vs. Bad Fats†, 2013). Unsaturated or monounsaturated fats should be the dominate type of fat in a balanced diet (â€Å"Fat Facts: Good Fats Vs. Bad Fats†, 2013). Some of the foods that are high in monounsaturated fats can be: olive and canola oils, avocado, almonds and cashews. Simply put you should try to stay away from Trans fatty acids and saturated fats whenever possible. Though fats have a bad reputation they are not all bad and have some essential vitamins and nutrients that can only be retrieved from things such as meat and dairy. Unsaturated or monounsaturated fats are the most beneficial fats for you and are to be taken in place of the others when possible. By eating lean meats, different assorted nuts and things like avocado you can reduce the risk of clogged arteries and high blood cholesterol.

Mission Command Essay

It is the Army’s primary mission to organize, train, and equip forces to conduct prompt and sustained land combat operations (ADRP 6-0, 1-1). To accomplish its mission, the Army utilizes its concept of unified land operations. Unified Land Operations, applicable to all Army operations is the seizing, retaining, and exploiting the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage. Such advantage provides a structure to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for a favorable conflict resolution (ADP 3-0, p. 9). Critical thinking becomes a vital role when decisive actions need to be executed where it is guided by mission command. Mission Command is the structure that enables commanders to exercise authority and direction. This structure is built on the commander’s intent, mission type orders and decentralized/centralized execution. Agile and adaptive leaders understanding the commander’s intent and context of the mission executed their objective. Commanders and Leaders at all levels apply critical and creative thinking to their understanding and decision making. The development of critical thinking skills has been imperative and a success for the Unites States Army. As the military entered into a new era of war fighting, critical thinking has become essential to help Army forces function effectively and accomplish missions within a mission command structure. Commanders and Leaders at all levels have adopted different decision-making practices. This research paper will present the role of critical thinking and how it facilitates understanding and support the different decision-making approaches in a mission command structure. Critical thinking and creative thinking is applied when commanders and leaders need to understand the mission and are drawn to make effective  decisions. â€Å"Critical thinking examines a problem in depth from multiple points of view (ADRP 6-0, 2-7).† Here, critical thinkers need to determine if there sufficient justification to accept the conclusion as true based on a given inference or argument. Critical thinkers need to be well informed in order to make judgments and decisions. â€Å"Critical thinkers are purposeful and reflective thinkers who apply judgment about what to believe or what to do in response to known facts, observations, experience, oral or written information sources, or arguments (ADRP 6-0, 2-7).† As mentioned creative thinking is also a key to the understanding and for an effective decision-making approach for commanders and leaders. â€Å"Creative thinking involves thinking in new, innovative ways while capitalizing on imagination, insight and n ovel ideas.† Whether we are faced with similar problems we encountered in the past, or faced with new ones; new and creative solutions can be applied. If we utilize the same solutions, an enemy will acknowledge, adapt and overcome the unchallenged solution. Creative thinking will lead to new insights, novel approaches, fresh perspectives, and new ways of understanding and conceiving things. Implementing critical thinking and creative thinking, commanders and leaders are able to better understand and support their decision-making approach. These Decisions are how commanders and leaders put their outcome into action. In order to reach a decision, the proper decision-making approach must be applied for the situation. Commanders or leaders will apply a systematic analytic decision-making or an intuitive decision-making approach. Different situations will dictate what approach will be suitable. Analytic Decisionmaking Analytic decisionmaking allows commanders and leaders to gather information from various sources that are provided to them as well as their own experiences if necessary. Once information has been obtained, several alternative solutions are then generated. These solutions, referred as options, will then be compared and evaluated until the best course of action has been decided. â€Å"It aims to produce the optimal solution by comparing options (ADRP 6-0, 2-8).† According to mission command, analytic decisionmaking is: Methodical and allows the breakdown of tasks into recognizable elements. Ensures commanders and leaders consider, analyze, and  evaluate relevant factors, employing techniques such as war-gaming. Provides a systematic approach when the decision involves processing large amounts of information. Helps resolve conflicts among courses of action. Gives inexperienced personnel a logically structured approach. Depending on the situation commanders and leaders are faced with, analytic decisionmaking can be applied. But, because there are often large amounts of information gathered that needs to be clearly evaluated before a decision can be made, it is time consuming. If the conditions of the mission change, such information will require a complete reevaluation, which can delay decisions. Where there are rapidly changing situations that require quick effective decisions, analytic decisionmaking will not apply. (ADRP 6-0, 2-9). Intuitive Decisionmaking Decisions made by using intuitive decisionmaking are determined based on knowledge, judgment, experience, education, intelligence, boldness, perception, and character. (ADRP 6-0, 2-47) Because it is based on these elements, unlike analytical decisionmaking, intuitive is a more rapid approach to making a quicker decision. Intuitive decisionmaking is often done at the lowest levels of command. According to mission command this approach: Focuses on assessment of the situation more than on comparing multiple options. Is effective when time is short. Relies on a commander’s experience and ability to recognize the key elements and implications of a particular problem or situation. Tends to focus on the larger picture more than the individual components. When there are rapid changing situations and decisions need to be made right away, commanders and leaders will apply intuitive decisionmaking approach. Commanders and leaders mix theses two approaches â€Å"to help them remain objective and make timely and effective decisions† (ADRP 6-0, 2-49). In a mission command structure, commanders and leaders avoid making decisions solely by intuition; they incorporate some analysis into their decisions. Decisions should not be rushed or over-thought. A wrong decision can be fatal if critical thinking and creative thinking skills are not used when  commanders and leaders need to make a decision thru an analytical or intuitive approach. In a mission command structure, commanders and leaders decisions are based on the mixture of analytic and intuitive decisionmaking. To facilitate in the decisionmaking, commanders and leaders need to apply his/her critical and creative thinking skills. These skills are imperative to help make well round decisions for any type of mission. If wrong decisions are formulated it can be fatal, becoming an advantage to the enemy. These decisions not only affect the outcome, but it affects the service members who carry out the mission. Our service members’ decisions on the field are influenced by the decisions made by the commanders and leaders. The development of these skills is instrumental for commanders and leaders at all levels. The development of critical thinking skills has become a paramount to the military. One of the key characteristics in the job description of a military leader is, decision-making. But with no such skills, full effective decisions will not exist. Critical thinking as well as creative thinking is imperative to the success of the United States Army and it has been incorporated into the Professional Military Education for leaders at all levels. â€Å"Critical thinking means the ability to construct and defend as argument using reason, applying intellectual standards and epistemic responsibility, and recognizing and countering logical fallacies as we see them in others and ourselves (Colonel Thomas M. Williams).† References Benson, Colonel Bill. (2012). The Evolution of Army Doctrine for Success in the 21st Century. Military Review: March/April2012. Vol 92 Issue 2, p2. Retrieved From http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_201206 30MC_art010.pdf Conley, Kathleen. (2013). Operationalizing Mission Command. Leveraging Theory to Achieve Capability. JFQ: Joint Force Quarterly 2013 1st Quarter. Issue 68, p32. Retrieved from http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/jfq-68/JFQ-68_32- 35_Conley.pdf Department of the Army Headquarters. (2011). Unified Land Operations. Army Doctrine Publication 3-0. Retrieved from http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/adp3_0.pdf Department of the Army Headquarters. (2012). Mission Command. Army Doctrine Release Publication 6-0. Retrieved from https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/index.html Sharpe Jr., James D.; Creviston, Thomas E. (2013). Understanding Mission Command. Army Sustainment; July-September 2013. Vol. 45 Issue 4, p10. Retrieved from http://www.army.mil/article/106872 William, Colonel Thomas M. U.S. Army Reserve. (2013). Education for Critical Thinking. Military Review. Retrieved from http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20130228_art011.pdf Appendix Annotated Bibliography Benson, Colonel Bill. (2012). The Evolution of Army Doctrine for Success in the 21st Century. Military Review; March/April2012, Vol.92 Issue 2, p2. Retrieved From http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_201206 30MC_art010.pdf This article discusses the U.S. Army doctrine from the early 21st century. It provides the history and the evolution of the Army doctrine. It describes the publication â€Å"AirLand Battle† that was published in 1982, the transition of the doctrine in the 1990’s, through the publication of â€Å"Unified Land Operations† in 2011. It describes unified land operations the â€Å"seizing, retaining, and exploiting the initiative to gain and maintain a position of advantage provides a battlefield framework and logic that nests unified land operations within the joint operational construct of unified action and provides a structure that allows commanders to effectively and accurately describe their intent in time, space, purpose, and priority, which are guided by Mission Command. Conley, Kathleen. (2013). Operationalizing Mission Command. Leveraging Theory to Achieve Capability. JFQ: Joint Force Quarterly; 2013 1st Quarter, Issue 68, p32. Retrieved from http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/jfq-68/JFQ-68_32- 35_Conley.pdf This article is the result of the Mission Command White Paper published by General Martin Dempsey, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. It illustrates communication at all levels within military groups for better understanding and effective completion of missions. Mission Command will take on a more dynamic approach, developing ever greater adaptability, critical thinking and independent rapid decision-making. The principles of Mission Command are being currently being utilized in combat and other activities by many leaders and organizations. HeadQuarters, Department of the Army. (2011). Unified Land Operations. Army Doctrine Publication 3-0. Retrieved from http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/adp3_0.pdf This is an Army Doctrine Publication the presents the Army on guidance and direction for conducting operations on land, and provides the foundation for developing other principles, tactics, and techniques. The introduction included is a brief description of what the Army calls Unified Land Operations; applicable to all Army operations is the seizing, retaining, and exploiting the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage. Such advantage provides a structure to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for a favorable conflict resolution (ADP 3-0, p. 9). In order to create favorable conflict resolution there needs to be a decision making and understanding of the mission. With Unified Land Operations, critical thinking becomes a vital role when decisive actions need to be executed where it is guided by mission command. HeadQuarters, Department of the Army. (2012). Mission Command. Army Doctrine Release Publication 6-0. Retrieved from https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/index.html This is an Army Doctrine publication that establishes guidance on command, control, and the mission command war- fighting function. This army doctrine guides the Army forces to function effectively and accomplish missions. Mission Command is broken down into three categories. For this research paper, the focus will be on the understanding and decision-making for commanders and staff through critical thinking. The development of critical thinking skills has been imperative and a success for the Unites States Army. As the military entered into a new era of war fighting, critical thinking has become essential to help Army forces function effectively and accomplish missions within a mission command structure. Commanders and Leaders at all levels have adopted different decision-making practices. Sharpe Jr., James D.; Creviston, Thomas E. (2013). Understanding Mission Command. Army Sustainment; July-September 2013, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p10. Retrieved from http://www.army.mil/article/106872 This article focuses on the background of mission command of the U.S. Army. It states the mission command is a warfighting function and the philosophy of the Army’s command described within the revision of Army Doctrine Publication 6-0, Mission Command. It discusses mission command history; trust in the doctrine of mission command, and decentralized execution.

Brave New World Conformity Essay Research Paper Example

Brave New World Conformity Essay Research Paper Example Brave New World Conformity Essay Paper Brave New World Conformity Essay Paper Essay Topic: Brave New World In Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World. Huxley creates a futuristic universe governed by conformance and entry to society. Citizens of this World State are conditioned to follow a set life style determined at birth in order to make a stable civilisation. However. there is still some signifier of individualism in each individual. specifically in the characters Bernard. Lenina. and Linda. Within each of these characters. their difference in personality does non suit the norms of society. and they hence try to stamp down their ain traits with alone methods such as haoma. In times of unhappiness and desperation. Bernard. Lenina. and Linda each give up a portion of their ain individualism and political orientation. lodging to the conventions of the World State society which accordingly adds to their battle of seeking to suit in with the remainder of the universe. Looking at Bernard. his physical visual aspect sets him apart from being a normal Alpha: â€Å"Bernard’s build was barely better than that of the mean Gamma† ( 64 ) . Along with his physical visual aspect. Bernard besides has the capableness to believe otherwise than most citizens of the World State. apparent on his day of the month with Lenina when he remarks about the sea: â€Å"It makes me experience as though. . as though I were more of me. . . Not merely a cell in the societal body† ( 90 ) . However. despite his different physical and personality traits. he doesn’t exert his differences that would dispute the World State. For illustration. he strives to desire to be like Helmholtz. â€Å"wishing. . . that he could hold every bit many misss as Helmholtz did. † alternatively of encompassing himself for who he is ; Bernard continually falls into conformance and attempts to follow an order than is non compatible with whom he is. Alternatively of researching and oppugning the universe around him. he takes haoma as his signifier of suppression to seek to work out his jobs of suiting into society. When Bernard gets humiliated in forepart of the Arch-Community Songster. he chooses to take haoma which merely delays his job further and makes his status worst: â€Å"The poisoning of success had evaporated ; he was gravely his old ego. . . the old ego seemed unprecedentedly heavier than the environing atmosphere† ( 178 ) . By puting aside his personal traits. he becomes another conformist to the conventions of World State. Similarly. Lenina possesses mental features that do non suit into the World State. Lenina tends to be in a relationship with merely one cat. instead than traveling out with many cats as conditioned by the World State. Once John comes to see the World State. Lenina instantly falls in love with him and can non halt believing about him. exposing human emotions that citizens should non hold in the World State. Her human emotions are evident during the eventide when she waits for John to come out for the Arch-Community Songster: â€Å" . . . she sat in a corner. cut off from those who surrounded her by an emotion which they did non portion. . . † ( 173 ) . From her personality. Lenina is fit for a love that involves emotion and connexion. but Lenina decides to stay by her society and chooses to hold a love surrounding by blind sex and no feelings. Through this determination. she conforms to the norm. actively lending to the conditions of her society antonym of her true ego. She goes farther to take haoma after John does non demo up for Bernard’s presentation. which. similar to Bernard’s haoma hole. merely prolongs her job: â€Å"But in the intervals I still like him. I shall ever wish him† ( 188 ) . Through her use of haoma. she follows the methods of the World State. throwing off her individualism and doing herself more hurt and struggle with her love personal businesss. Finally. Linda has alone features due to her life spent in the Savage Reservation and giving birth to her boy John. Linda. despite being conditioned to be horrified at the thought of holding a babe. still loves her boy John. This is evident when John negotiations about his childhood experiences with Bernard. depicting the clip Linda was crushing up John: â€Å"He opened his eyes once more and saw that she was looking at him. He tried to smile at her. Suddenly she put her weaponries round him and kisses him once more and again† ( 127 ) . Since Linda has an emotional fond regard to John. she has a personality different from the other citizens of the World State Society. However. despite the motherly connexion that she could hold continued with John. she chooses to sell her life to the drug haoma. When Lenina lays deceasing in the infirmary with John following to her. she unconsciously chooses her life of sex and haoma she used to hold over John: â€Å"She knew him for John. her boy. but fancied him an interloper into that paradisal Malpais where she had been passing her soma-holiday with Pope† ( 205 ) . In the really terminal. Linda suppresses her emotional love for John with haoma and goes back to the rules and pleasantries of the World State Society. Bernard. Lenina. and Linda all have alone features that set them apart from the regular citizens of the World State Society. However. all three of them have unwittingly fallen into the conformances of the state’s maladaptive regulations. sooner taking to emanate the state’s values that do non suit their ain features. The World State’s guidelines and ordinances pull all the citizens of the World State. including Bernard. Lenina. and Linda. into one life style of life through a Domino consequence of conformance: the more people that conform. the more harder it is to defy the impulse to conform with them. Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World shows the annihilating effects of conformance – a force that strips off your single potency and individuality.

Writing the Specification For A Utility Patent

Writing the Specification For A Utility Patent Introduction Requirements Patent specifications are not written at a laypersons level of understanding, they are written at an experts level of understanding. In addition, they are ways to write things based on legal interpretation that can give you the best patent protection. Writing the specification for a utility patent requires both technical and legal skill. paper format Formatting and Numbering The Pages All the pages of the specification including claims and abstract, have to be numbered consecutively, starting with 1. This does not apply to the transmittal letter sheets or other forms.The page numbers should be centrally located preferably below the text.The text lines of the specification must be 1.5 or double spaced (lines of other text not comprising the specification need not be 1.5 or double spaced).Include an indentation at the beginning of each new paragraph, and number the paragraphs starting at (0001 etc.). Section Headings TITLE OF INVENTIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSSTATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTREFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM, LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIXBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONBRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONCLAIM OR CLAIMSABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSUREDRAWINGS (When Necessary)OATH OR DECLARATIONSEQUENCE LISTING (When Necessary) Next Detailed Instructions For Each Section Heading Do you want to know what the Patent office does after you file your patent application, or what you might have to do after they receive it? See Examination of Patent Applications. TITLE OF INVENTION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS application data sheet STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM, LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX If a computer program listing is to be submitted and is over 300 lines long (each line of up to 72 characters), the computer program listing must be submitted on a compact disc compliant with rule 1.96, and the specification must contain a reference to the computer program listing appendix. A computer program listing of 300 or less lines may similarly be submitted on compact disc. The computer program listing on compact disc will not be printed with any patent or patent application publication. If a gene sequence listing is to be submitted, the sequence may be submitted on a compact disc in compliance with laws 1.821, 1.822, 1.823, 1.824, and 1.825, instead of submission on paper, and the specification must contain a reference to the gene sequence listing on compact disc. If a table of data is to be submitted, and such table would occupy more than 50 pages if submitted on paper, the table can be submitted on a compact disc compliant with rule 1.58, and the specification must contain a reference to the table on compact disc. The data in the table must properly align visually with the associated rows and columns. Next Background of Invention, Summary, Drawing Views, Detailed Description The description, together with the claims forms the bulk of your patent application. It is here that you give a full account of your invention. The description begins with background information relevant to the invention and describes the invention in increasing levels of detail. One of your goals in writing the description is to compose it so that someone skilled in your field would be able to reproduce it just from reading your description and looking at the drawings. Reference Material Tips on Writing the Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This section should also contain a description of information known to you, including references to specific documents, which are related to your invention. It should contain, if applicable, references to specific problems involved in the prior art (or state of technology) which your invention is drawn toward. In the past, this section may have been titled DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART or DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is required that the description be sufficient so that any person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, science, or area could make and use the invention without extensive experimentation. The best mode contemplated by you of carrying out your invention must be set forth in the description. Each element in the drawings should be mentioned in the description. This section has often, in the past, been titled DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT. Next Claims, Abstract CLAIMS The claim or claims must particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which you regard as the invention. The claims define the scope of the protection of the patent. Whether a patent will be granted is determined, in large measure, by the choice of wording of the claims. One Claim Is Required For Filing The claims section must begin with the statement, What I claim as my invention is... or I (We) claim... followed by the statement of what you regard as your invention. One or more claims may be presented in dependent form, referring back to and further limiting another claim or claims in the same application. All dependent claims should be grouped together with the claim or claims to which they refer to the extent practicable. Any dependent claim that refers to more than one other claim (a multiple dependent claim) shall refer to such other claims in the alternative only. Each claim should be a single sentence, and where a claim sets forth a number of elements or steps, each element or step of the claim should be separated by a line indentation. In Claims Every Word Is Important The fee required to be submitted with a nonprovisional utility patent application is, in part, determined by the number of claims, independent claims, and dependent claims. Reference Material Tips on Writing Patent ClaimsPatent Rules About Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The purpose of the abstract is to enable the USPTO and the public to determine quickly the nature of the technical disclosures of your invention. The abstract points out what is new in the art to which your invention pertains. It should be in narrative form and generally limited to a single paragraph, and it must begin on a separate page. An abstract should not be longer than 150 words. Reference Material Tips on Writing a Patent Application Abstract Next Drawings, Oath, Sequence Listing, Mailing Receipt DRAWINGS (when necessary) A patent application is required to contain drawings if drawings are necessary for the understanding of the subject matter sought to be patented. The drawings must show every feature of the invention as specified in the claims. Omission of drawings may cause an application to be considered incomplete. If you need to create patent drawings use our Guide to Patent Drawings. OATH OR DECLARATION, SIGNATURE PTO/SB/01 without application data sheetPTO/SB/01A for combination with an application data sheetPTO/SB/02 for additional inventors Providing a correspondence address will help to ensure prompt delivery of all notices, official letters, and other communications. In addition, a shortened declaration can be used when you also file an Application Data Sheet. The oath or declaration must be signed by all of the actual inventors. An oath may be administered by any person within the United States, or by a diplomatic or consular officer of a foreign country, who is authorized by the United States to administer oaths. A declaration does not require any witness or person to administer or verify its signing. Thus, use of a declaration is preferable. A full first and last name with middle initial or name, if any, of each inventor are required. The mailing address and citizenship of each inventor are also required if an application data sheet is not used. SEQUENCE LISTING (when necessary) You must prepare this section, for the disclosure of a nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence, with a listing of the sequence that complies with the following patent rules: 1.821, 1.822, 1.823, 1.824, and 1.825, and may be in paper or electronic form. Obtaining A Receipt For Mailed Patent Application Documents See - Obtaining a Receipt for Documents Mailed to USPTO Next Creating Patent Drawings For A Utility Patent

District Court or Circuit Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

District Court or Circuit Court - Essay Example Falwell. However, it should be noted that Rev. Falwell had brought a complaint alleging that Mr. Lamparello was guilty of trademark infringement, which Rev. Falwell alleged was intellectual property that protected his website, as he had at least one registered trademark, even though it was not on the domain name www.falwell.com or www.fallwell.com (Atkinson, Sorkin, & Gold 2003). Rev. Falwell also stated that he had legal rights in the name â€Å"Falwell† which included â€Å"Listen America with Jerry Falwell†, a popular show, as well as a pending trademark on the name â€Å"Jerry Falwell†. He therefore requested relief in the form of www.fallwell.com being transferred from Mr. Lamparello to his ministries and control, on the grounds of trademark infringement, false designation of origin, unfair competition, and cybersquatting (Atkinson et. al. 2003). Mr. Lamparello filed suit in the Eastern District Court of Virginia, accusing Rev. Falwell and his ministry of Reverse Domain Name Hijacking in violation of the Anticybersquatting Protection Act (Lamparello v. Falwell, 2004). This suit was filed in accordance with the Uniform Domain Name Dispute-Resolution Policy, commonly known as UDRP, which states that â€Å"most types of trademark-based domain-name disputes must be resolved by agreement, court action, or arbitration† (Internet corporation for, 2011). The District Court ruled in favor of the defendant, finding that there was a likelihood of confusion based on the â€Å"distinctive and strong† presence of the Defendant’s trademark. The District Court also found trademark infringement was evident as the Defendant was able to prove that he did, indeed, have a registered trademark, and he had used that trademark. The appeals court, however, overturned the findings, stating that there was no trademark infringement or false designation of origin since Mr. Lamparello did not intend to make money from his website, and used it only for