The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin - 1170 Words

In the past equality was a big issue. Man and Woman did not have the same rights. Women sick in ambitions. The story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† deals about a wife who lost her husband and is destroyed by it. All the love she has for him disappeared and first she has to find a way to handle it. After she stops crying, she finally pushes herself up, looks out the window to see the clear blue sky, which helps her to realize that she is not under her husband’s control anymore. Finally, she was released. Also in â€Å"Trifles† the wife had to handle the situation that her husband dies but in this case the wife most likely killed her husband because she could not stand anymore the fact that he treated her as a slave. Both women have to accept a big loss in their lives but they also feel a sense of freedom and relief that they are not anymore under a man’s control. Both stories deal with women who struggle under their rules of their husbands but at the end they find a way to escape and finally start to live their own life. The stories are taken place in the early 1900s and act about the old traditional gender roles which played an important role in the society. Women had to fight for their freedom and against their husbands. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† Louise the wife gets from her sister Josephine informed that her husband passed away. After she stopped to cry about it, she goes to her room, sits down, opens the window and looks out of it. â€Å"There were patches of blue sky showing here andShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands deathRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. As this story of an ill, helplessRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin expresses Ms. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death in an appalling train accident. Due to her bad heart, her sister Josep hine had to be the bearer of bad news and approach his death gently to her. According to the quote, â€Å" But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought†, it lets us know thatRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The story of an hour† by Kate Chopin was a story that was ironical yet profoundly deep. As a student I have been asked to read â€Å"a story of an hour† many times, and every time I’m surprised by how I enjoy it. People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kat e Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin596 Words   |  2 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrateRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was considered

George Washington s Farewell Address Essay - 1258 Words

Chase Williams US History to 1865 Dr. Lisa Crutchfield October 14, 2015 George Washington s Farewell Address, Primary Source Analysis George Washington’s Presidential Farewell Address consisted of three critical elements that were considered vital for the functional survival of the country that had just won its independence. On September 19, 1796, President Washington advised the nation to stand together as one united country, warned the people about the dangers of political parties and he established foundational reasons for the country to not become over involved in foreign affairs. These three principles set forth an understanding that was monumental for American society. Their level of importance serves as a near perfect reflection to both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution as the building blocks to a great nation. Each of these three principles, even though they were not written as laws, went on as a tradition for this nation; each being clung to with the same level of importance and integrity as the Founders sought in the aforestated documents of freedom. George Washington’s belief in singular national unity was not just an abstract ideal built without fundamental understanding. It was a pragmatic understanding erected on a clear unifying belief, that in order to maintain a nation to build a singular belief in country; it needed a singular belief in purpose. In his Address, Washington stated: The unity of government whichShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington s Farewell Address Essay1884 Words   |  8 Pages1796 that George Washington gave his â€Å"Farewell Address.† This profoundly important message is still read each year in the Senate. On September 19, 1796, US President George Washington published his Farewell Address to the nation of citizens. It was a thoroughly thoughtful analysis of our new nation, its needs for the future and his plans to decline to seek a third term as president. It was not delivered as a speech, but rather published in many newspapers and public venues. George Washington announcedRead MoreGeorge Washington s Farewell Address1996 Words   |  8 PagesIn George Washington s Farewell Address, Washington warns against the dangers of political factions by stating, â€Å"it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views† (Washington). However, despite American leaders such as George Washington and James MadisonRead MoreGeorge Washington s Farewell Address1158 Words   |  5 Pagessupport in favor of George Washington. Since then there has never been an undisputed presidential ruling. It was also the only time where factions weren’t prevalent. In George Washington’s Farewell Address, he states that, the alternate domination of one party over another and coinciding effort s to exact revenge upon their opponents have led to horrible atrocities, and is itself a frightful tyranny. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent repression. From Washington s perspective andRead MoreAnalysis Of George Washington s Farewell Address1009 Words   |  5 PagesProblem: In 1789 George Washington’s Farewell Address contained one major piece of advice to the county regarding relations with other nations: â€Å"avoid entangling alliances.† Those words shaped United States foreign policy for more than a century (Policy Making, American Government). Today some Americans think that Washington’s words are still wise ones, and that the United States (U.S.) should withdraw from world affairs whenever possible. In truth, however, the United States has been embroiledRead MoreAnalysis Of George Washington s Farewell Address954 Words   |  4 PagesThe document, George Washington, Farewell Address, was a letter written to the citizens of the United States of America. It allowed outgoing President Washington to give advice on how to maintain the nation after he was gone. He advised our politicians to act in good faith towards all nations and to make an effort to keep peace with other countries. He cautioned to remain connected to God, maintain high moral principles and to set a good example, one that is guided by a sense of justice and kindnessRead MoreGeorge Washington s Speech On Farewell Address831 Words   |  4 PagesAuthor: George Washington Title: Farewell Address a. Identify the document--what type of document is it (i.e. a letter, a newspaper article, etc.) and what year was it created? This document is a piece of George Washington’s final public address/speech as presidentRead MoreEconomic Prosperity : George Washington s Farewell Address1660 Words   |  7 PagesEsha Parikh Blanchard APUSH 2 16 January 2015 Economic Prosperity: 1898-1945: Prior to the 1890’s, the United States followed a foreign policy of seclusion to worldly matters. This idea stemming from George Washington’s Farewell Address to â€Å"avoid entangling alliances† became the foundation for American seclusion and detachment, a policy which resulted in this country being able to overcome tremendous internal difficulties facing the rising, fast-changing state of America. The Manifest Destiny enlargedRead MoreGeorge Washington Farewell Address Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Washington, a very famous man known as the first President of the United States of America, was born on the 22nd of February, 1732 in the colony of Bridges Creek, Virginia. (George Presidential Early Life sec.1 para.3) He was born into a wealthy, land-owning family and was a very political individual. Washington served as a Major in the Virginia militia and also fought in the French and Indian War from 1754 to 1763. In addition, Washington became a represen tative of the Virginia legislatureRead MoreThe Farewell Address Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington, a very famous man known as the first president of The United States of America was born on the 22nd of February in 1732 in Bridges Creek, a colony in Virginia. He was born into a wealthy, land-owning family and was a very political individual. George served as a major in the Virginia militia and also fought in the French and Indian War that occurred from 1754 to 1763. In addition, Washington became a representative of the Virginia Legislature where he was titled a commissionerRead MoreWashington s Farewell Address Analysis1375 Words   |  6 Pages Washington’s Farewell Address Analysis Jennifer Trammell GOVT 200 – C04 Instructor Barber Opening statement Washington’s Farewell Address The major document we will be analyzing in this paper is George Washington’s â€Å"Farewell Address†. This was a very important document of its time and in order to analyze it fully it would be helpful to know a little more insight on the writing of and the reason it was written. Who is George Washington? George Washington was born in 1732, he grew up

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Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1795 Words

Michael Jordan once said, â€Å"In college I never realized the opportunities available to a pro athlete. I ve been given the chance to meet all kinds of people, to travel and expand my financial capabilities, to get ideas and learn about life, to create a world apart from basketball.† Michael Jordan is a huge face in sports and is well known all over the world and throughout all generations. In college at North Carolina University where he attended he talks about how there is more than just being an athlete. There is a life away from sports because one day you may became a professional athlete but then there comes a day that you retire and find joy in another part of your life. Tying this into the theme of â€Å"Should College Athletes be Paid?† can be determined upon the value of the students and others perspective of the game. College sports have a big market on the major school levels. These major schools can bring in 30 to 40 million dollars per year to the school through the athletic programs. The players get none of this share of money even though they are the ones who have to put themselves at risk during these tough games that provide the school profit. You may say that these college athletes are getting a free education at their choice of university but some many say they should get paid. Today as much money that runs in and out of these schools there is a huge controversy to whether or not these student athletes should get rewarded for their hard work on and off theShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholarships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports h ave been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1591 Words   |  7 PagesEducation Is Already Enough For College Athletes More and more it’s discussed daily on whether if college athletes should finally be paid, or remain unpaid, this topic is very important because college sports are very popular in the United States. College athletes should remain unpaid because it wouldn’t be fair to the other less watch sports that don’t bring in a lot of revenue, it wouldn’t be fair to the female athletes they wouldn’t be paid equally, college athletes already have advantages and receiveRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes millions, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid for their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial to pic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1683 Words   |  7 PagesIn the recent past, college athletics has gained massive fame in the United States. The immense fame of the college athletics has developed over the past twenty years. The massive development and fame of the college athletics have resulted in improved incomes for the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA). Due to increased revenue received by the NCAA, the participates in athletics in the colleges has fuelled the argument of whether the college athletes need to be paid and rewarded more thanRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?968 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates in college/college athletics is whether or not to pay student athletes for playing the sports that the y do. Student athletes are given scholarships to cover most, or even potentially all, of their tuition and expenses in college, so it is not necessary to pay college athletes additional money. College athletes are not playing professional sports. They are students first, athletes second. College athletes should not be paid. Instead they should be compensated. Student athletes receive a large

The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator Free Essays

The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is the most widely used personality assessment instrument in the world. More than two million people complete it annually in the world (Robbins Barnwell, 2008). The reliability of the MBTI instrument for management is supported by over fifty years of research and use, proving to be a reliable tool for management and human resource development, both personal and career counselling, and even for team-building and improving communication. We will write a custom essay sample on The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator or any similar topic only for you Order Now Comprising 100 personality tests, it assesses how people act and feel in various situations (Michael William, 2009). MBTI test results present an individual’s personality preferences thus helping individuals better understand themselves and assisting them in making career choices. Possible applications for the MBTI include communication, conflict resolution, personal growth and development, decision making and problem solving (Thompson, 2010, p19). Also the MBTI helps management to encourage groups of individuals to learn about themselves, each other, and better organize group resources to achieve group goals. On the basis of the answers individuals give to the test, the MBTI classifies individuals into sixteen unique personality based on four dimensions (Robins, 2009). They are Extroverted or Introverted (E or I), Sensing or Intuitive (S or N), Thinking or Feeling (T or F), and Judging or Perceiving (J or P). Extroverted-Introverted – method of functioning. Extroverted individuals are outgoing, sociable and assertive, they tend to act, then reflect, and then act again to gather information and reflect on it before arriving at a decision. Introverts are quiet and shy, prefer to reflect, then act, then reflect again to discuss possible alternatives before arriving at a decision (Michael William, 2009) Sensing-Intuitive – how individuals take in information. Individuals who are sensing are more likely focus on detail and what is actually present, are practical and prefer routine and order. They always trust their xperience and focus on what is real here and now. By contrast, individuals who prefer intuition rely on unconscious processes and tend to trust information that is more abstract or theoretical, to focus more on implications and inferences, to look at the â€Å"big picture† to gather information (Robins, 2009). Thinking-Feeling – how individuals make decision. Those who prefer thinking are more logical, causal , and more consistent in their perspective. They measure decision by what seems reasonable and tend to use an analytical approach to problem solving. Conversely, those who prefer feeling tend to introduce their own values and emotions into the decision making process. However, where situations differ, their value and emotion can be variable. Therefore, their decision-making is based on the situation and their emotional involvement in that situation (Mohammad, 2009). Judgment-perceiving – individual’s lifestyle. Judgment types desire control and prefer their worlds to be orderly, planned and scheduled – everything in its place. By contrast, those who are perception orientated prefer an open, flexible, and unstructured lifestyle (Michael William, 2009). According to the research by McCare and John (2002) strong relation exists between individual personality and performance in teams. The four dimensions can classify individuals into sixteen personality type. ESTJs are the organisers in the team. They are realistic, practical and prefer order, like use reason and logic to handle problems. They have a natural head for business or group dynamics. Consequently, they like to organise and run activities (Carlopio Andrewartha, 2008). INTJs are the monitors and the evaluators in the team. They usually have original minds and strongly focus on their own ideas and purposes. Additionally, they are critical, independent, determined and often stubborn. The ENTPs are conceptualisers. They are individualistic, versatile and focus on innovation. They are innovative in solving challenging problems, but may neglect routine assignments. According to the research, 13 business people who create super-successful firms such as Microsoft, Apple Computer, Sony, FedEX and Honda Motors found that all 13 were intuitive thinkers (Robins, 2009). This result is especially interesting because MBTI suggests only 5% of the population are intuitive thinkers. In addition, while more and more people are using MBTI in Australia today, simultaneously the number of users is starting to rise in some Asian countries as well (Henry, 2010). The MBTI is mainly used in organisations including banks, hospitals, IT firms, universities, emergency service, finance companies, MNC and even the Australian Defence Forces (Robins, 2009). The results from these organisations reveal that, in general, HR managers and educated managers tend to have higher intuition scores. On the contrary, manager in high regulated organisations such as the police, armed forces and financial management tend to have lower scores in intuition (Mohammad, 2009). Example At the beginning of my university life, I experienced course selection mistake. I chose accounting for my major simply because I thought I was good at mathematic. Unfortunately, I didn’t understand my personality very well. After one semester, I realised accounting was not an appropriate subject for me. I’m not a conscientious person, I always leave my belongings around, often forget to put things back in their proper place and make a mess of everything, often being not well prepared before class. Further, I don’t pay attention to details and frequently neglect routine assignments. Consequently, the formal demands of accounting are not suitable for me. However, having finished the MBTI test, I found I’m an ENTP type person, which â€Å"openness to experience† person. I’m always optimistic about life and even in a difficult environment, I regard new things as challenges and widening my experience, which means I don’t give up readily. I don’t perceive such things as failures and losses and am not upset by such events. Secondly, I’m an imaginative person. I have diverse interests. I like trying and exploring new things and challenging new environments, so I always look forward to discovering new things. Thirdly, I have excellent ideas, spend time reflecting on things, and constantly try to search for ways to improve my previous ideas (MBTI test). Consequently, I changed my major to Economics, a subject better suited to my personality. Recommendation Both managers and employees need to understand the benefits of using the MBTI (Michael William, 2009). From the manager’s point of view, MBTI can improve management skills; enhance inter-organisation communication and developmental efforts. From the employee’s viewpoint, an understanding of individual’s personalities can help organisations reduce group conflict, improve work relations and team development, further achieve a positive work environment, and increase work-group performance and productivity (John, 2008). In addition, the more MBTI is appropriately used in an organisation, the more the management would see its value (Roselle, 2009). When the MBTI is used frequently in conjunction with other management skills, it helps individuals to gather the insight they need for personal growth and development, to achieve decision making and resolve problem skills, and to help groups better understand themselves and each other in a team environment and different situation (Peter Garry, 2004). Finally, having gained the feedback from using the MBTI instrument, a careful analysis of the information helps in arriving at fresh policy decision. Belbin (2006) found that groups with mixed roles can be more productive than other groups. It means different personal and professional roles have their own characteristic; this can bring many benefits if a group contains a mixture of personality types, each type filling a particular role in the dynamics of the group. For instance, having completed the MBTI test, I understood myself very well, my personal characteristic, my strengths and my weaknesses. Consequently, a design group manager has invited me to join his group on the basis of my personal strengths, thus complementing the strengths of the group, all of us having previously done the MBTI test. I found we all have different group professional roles, Member â€Å"A† is always focused on the task, is highly motivated to achieve goals and influences group members to achieve goals more smoothly. Member â€Å"B† is a good listener and supporter, friendly to everyone, helps group member to resolve destructive conflicts, and facilitate group cooperation. Member â€Å"C† is an enthusiastic person who always encourages group members to explore new ideas and problem solving skills. As we talk in a comfortable environment, our group relationship has improved, leading us to communicate more with other group members. Thus our work-group performance and productivity have increased. How to cite The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator, Papers

The Victorian Desalination Plant Project †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Victorian Desalination Plant Project. Answer: Introduction In the South Gippsland beside Wonthaggi, The Victorian Desalination Plant (VDP) was built up by Aquasure consortium. It is a public-private partnership between Aquasure and Victorian Government. The main scope behind this desalination plant was to provide with water pipeline for transferring water to the Melbourne regions and create a water network along with subversive power supply near Cardinia. Thiess Degremont Joint Venture made a contract with Aquasure for constructing and designing the venture while TDJV is supposed to maintain and operate VDP. Initially the project was referred as Environmental Effect Statement in environmentalmanagement framework but gradually it was developed and included with contractual requirements for both Maintenance and Operation (OM) and Construction and Design (DC) teams of the project(VICTORIAN DESALINATION PROJECT , 2010). According to theenvironment management agenda, the project needs to be planned and constructed according to the requirements laid in Environmental Performance document which is included in Project deed (Appendix S3)(SUEZ Australia and New Zealand, n.d.). Also the Victorian environmental legal needs and commonwealth requires to be fulfilled in order to support environmental performance requirements. One of the major objectives for both constructing and operating teams was to manage the venture without hampering environmental conditions of the regions. In order to meet water requirements in future, the Australian Government announced to initiate Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination plant in the year 2007 to provide drinking water from seawater. According to the plan, Melbourne would get sufficient water supply along with providing a set up of rainfall independent water supply system(Aquasure, 2017). Regulations Applicable To Vdp Project Environment Effects Act 1978 (Ees Act) In the year 2007, the planning Minister decided that VDPs environmental effects shall be documented under EE Act which was prepared in response to the Scoping Requirements issued by the Ministers in 2008(Madden, 2009). The EES estimated that 15000 workers in construction site along with 26000 workers in manufacturing unit were working for the site. It was found that many workers working there did not belonged to the local areas and thus the economic development in Gippsland area was decreasing. Under the EES Act, the facilitation of neighbouring industries was the main factor to determine the economic benefits in the local region along with providing them with employment and regional income. The economic growth is also possible if VDP is able to supply high voltage power to Gippsland and Bass Coast areas. Uncertain impact of marine structures in VDP region would be minor as compared to the social and economic benefits of project. Regional tourism is also supported as under EES Act, e nvironmental violation is prohibited which states that impact on regional tourism becomes minor. The Environment Protection Act 1970 (Ep Act) This act established various principles that are directly or indirectly related to themanagement of waste from desalination plants and its generation. PIW is the stream in which wastes from VDP flows and under EPA, it needs to be disposed to landfills under state license. According to the waste, it will be categorised and sent to landfills those are capable and possesses capacity to hold it. According to a survey, the VDP had concluded that they cannot minimise more wastage as it would then hamper the quality of water(Langdon, 2010). With the imposition of EPS, the waste minimisation and itsmanagement have effectively become dynamic and reusing possible resources is initiated. Disposing of pre treated wastes to landfills rather than oceans shall be adopted to make RO desalination process more consistent(David, 2013). The Renewable Energy Act 2006 According to Victorian Renewable Energy Target system, it requires electricity buyers to obtain a specified percentage of electricity from its renewable sources. The basic purpose of this act is to encourage investment for generating renewable energy. Protecting environment under EP Act requires commercial users of water and energy to implement and prepare Resource Efficiency plans to improve and utilise the available resources efficiently. Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme introduced by Australian government would replace MRET and other carbon polluting markets by permitting them an estimated level of emissions. Although it had not been confirmed that the same will apply to VDP also, but the effects of it can be seen in the project. Therefore under this act VDP will be entailed to minimise GHG emissions and would not only provide safe drinking water but also environment friendly atmosphere(Willingham, 2017). Catchment And Land Protection Act 1994 (Cmas) Beneficial uses and protection of ground water is provided by SEPP (WoV) under the statuary framework of policies whereas to manage water health, special law was introduced namely Catchment and Land Protection Act which was responsible for maintaining water hygiene under their authority. According to this act the regions in Westernport, Port Philip along with West Gippsland are regulated under a framework in which strategies related to river health is monitored. Under the Water Act 1989, CMAs have the authority whether to permit or not in the designated water supply regions. Thus with the help of CMAs, the Powlett rivers water will not get violated or have bad impact on flood system(WEST GIPPSLAND CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY, 2015). The pipeline system of water supply will become predictable and thus avoid hampering vegetation and reduction in marine ecological assets. Flora And Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Ffg Act) The basic reason behind introducing FFG Act is to promote conservation of flora and fauna in natives of Victorian region. It helps to manage processing those which prove to be threatening to the genetic diversity of environment. The chief goals of FFG Act state that it is mandatory to maintain the ecological communities by commercial centres(LGPro, 2017). Nearby range of species in bioregion along with prevention of declination in ratio of rare species or rare ecological community is also looked after under this act. All the native vegetation is protected under Victorian NVMF stated under the chief document in government policy. Preservation of Flora and Fauna under EPBC Act in which VDP focuses on implication under section 18 and 18A to prevent threatened community and species. If any loss of inhabitant takes place in the local provenance of plant, it will be compensated by local EVCs. Therefore, it can be said that due to FFG Act and EPBC Act, any significant effect is avoided at l east to those which are listed under Flora and Fauna Act. Contract Used For Vdp Project The Victorian Government gave the contract to Aquasure consortium in the year 2009 which consisted of Degremont Macquairie capital and Thiess. They were responsible for designing, financing and build the project along with operating and maintaining the desalination project for the next thirty years. A contract of $43 million was given to OLEX for supplying alternative high voltage current. Later in the year 2012 the plant was able to achieve full capacity after passing RTF tests(Kable Inteligence Report, 2018). Another subcontract of $6 million was given to Ausform for building water retaining systems. Along with these many other contracts were made by this public private partnership firm in order to complete the project within the given deadline along with meeting the legislations made by the government. Both construction and the operational teams are managed by the Environmental Management Plans that requires the project to be fulfilled after compiling all the rules and regulations (e Victorian Government Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, 2015). Aquasure deed with Victorian Government is been approved for construction and maintenance phase for a limited time period. Risk Involved In Ppp Contract PPP can be defined as a contract in which government and private sector combines to provide public service or infrastructure. Although this is most appropriate for huge projects, the risks involved with such contracts cannot remain unseen. As an organisational structure it is very important to abide by contract rules and regulations in order to minimise risks and difficulties. Any issue in politics or home country or corruption creates disinterest among pubic and thus such firms are always vulnerable to nations political control. During the development stage, such projects can face difficulties due to geological condition or the government control over sites due to community infringement laws(Bing Li, n.d.). The duration of completion in projects can also determine the risks involved as longer the construction phase is, lesser the profits earned during the earning stage will be reduced by private sectors. As VDP was contracted for period of 30 years, the private firm partner may lose its profit sharing years if the construction phase is extended which shows monetary risk involved. Balancing commercial realities and governmental policy is again tough as regulation and excessive governmental control may hamper the quality of finished product. Most important risks involved in infrastructure projects are faced if any geotechnical surveyor or contractor claims increase in contract price or provide with bad quality of work. Since VDP is protected under various environmental laws, it can sometime become difficult to maintain a balance between environment and required condition. Permitting risks is another important risk involved in which the contracting teams require getting permission from the government regarding every change in management system and construction process. As government requires taking time for passing bills through different stage or area, many times the process becomes slow and lengthy. Finally the appropriation risks are involved when the public a gency fails to meet financial requirement for the project. This risk can affect the project where public agency is bound to make payments for assessing public private partnerships. Risk involved by political issue or change in country GDP can also affect the portion of public sector revenues. Thus by making contracts under PPP, the risk is been divided proportionally between the government and private sector thereby securing both client and contractor from getting violated(Innovative, 2012). References Aquasure (2017) Aquasure: The Victorian Desalination Project, 29 Jun, [Online], Available: https://www.aquasure.com.au/ [24 Mar 2018]. Bing Li, A.A.a.C.H. Risk involved in Public Private Partnership projects, [Online], Available: https://www.arcom.ac.uk/-docs/proceedings/ar2001-895-904_Li_Akintoye_and_Hardcastle.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. David, B. (2013) Paying for the Victorian desalination plant:A case study in regulatory ambiguity, 29 Jul, [Online], Available: https://www.esc.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/esc/44/443ccc28-1966-421d-bfc2-7d6a920e080c.pdf [2018 Mar 2018]. e Victorian Government Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (2015) Victorian Desalination Project, Mar, [Online], Available: https://www.water.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/54202/Fact-sheet-project-costs-March-2015.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. Innovative (2012) Risk Assessment for Public-Private Partnerships: A Primer, Dec, [Online], Available: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/pdfs/p3/p3_risk_assessment_primer_122612.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. Kable Inteligence Report (2018) Wonthaggi Desalination Plant, Victoria, [Online], Available: https://www.water-technology.net/projects/wonthaggidesalinatio/ [24 Mar 2018]. Langdon, D. (2010)Compliance With Environmental Performance Requirements Quarter 1 2010 Quarterly Report To The Minister For Environment And Climate Change,Apr, [Online], Available: https://www.water.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/54262/IREA-Quarterly-Report-Q1-2010-JanuaryMarch.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. LGPro (2017) Review of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Consultation , Mar, [Online], Available: https://lgpro.com/downloads/Representation/LGPro_Submission_response_to_the_Review_Flora_and_Fauna_Guarantee_Act_1988_-_28_March_2017.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. Madden, J. (2009) VICTORIAN DESALINATION PROJECT ASSESSMENT under ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ACT 1978 , Jan, [Online], Available: https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/13516/Final_Assessment_-_Victorian_Desalination_Project.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. SUEZ Australia and New Zealand Victorian Dasalination Project, [Online], Available: https://www.degremont.com.au/media/general/VDP_8pp_FINAL.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. VICTORIAN DESALINATION PROJECT (2010), Jun, [Online], Available: https://www.aquasure.com.au/uploads/files/ProjectOverview.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. WEST GIPPSLAND CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (2015) Powlett River: Estuary Management Plan, Aug, [Online], Available: https://www.wgcma.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Powlett-River-Estuary-Management-Plan-2015-Final.pdf [24 Mar 2018]. Willingham, R. (2017) Renewable energy target of 40pc by 2025 to be enshrined in law by Victorian Government, 23 Aug, [Online], Available: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-23/victoria-energy-target-of-40pc-by-2025-to-be-enshrined-in-law/8833276 [24 Mar 2018].

Maintaining biodiversity free essay sample

Biodiversity means the variety of life forms/organisms in an ecosystem, biome or entire planet. Globally, biodiversity is not evenly distributed. It generally increases from the poles towards the equator as around 50% of the world’s plants and animals live in tropical rainforests. This is because of the proximity to the equator causing a warmer, more moist, stable climate which means plants grow better and can support more species higher up in the food chain. Standard of living is the level of wealth, goods and services, which are available to a person or ground within a population. For development and to improve people’s standard of living, it’s often necessary to make use of the world’s biodiversity. However, it has become clear that we must preserve the current level of biodiversity so that we can maintain the carbon sink that rainforests provide and so that we can continue researching and finding developments in certain medicines that rainforests can provide. Human beings have exploited the tropical rainforests for many years now for their abundance of resources and their biodiversity. The moist exploited is the Amazon rainforest which has already lost 20% of its area forever. Deforestation is the single biggest threat to the rainforest; the prime cause of it is cattle ranching. This is when land is cleared to provide space for cattle ranchers to herd their livestock to help increase beef production. This activity accounts for 60% of deforestation in Brazil, which is having a major effect on the biodiversity of the ecosystem. The impacts of deforestation are wide. In the Amazon there have been problems with increased forest fires, soil erosion and decreased biodiversity, caused by habitat loss. Subsistence farming is another factor causing an increase in deforestation, being responsible for 25% in the Amazon. People migrate into the rainforest, clear areas of land and farm on that area as after 5 years it’s legally theirs. However, due to more people searching for plots there is greater pressure on the amount of available land. The logging industry is responsible for a relatively small level of deforestation, accounting for 3% in Brazil. Consequently, all these activity contribute together to the rapid loss of what is left of the rainforest and a large proportion of the world’s biodiversity. All of the resources that the rainforest provides could be lost in the next 40 years. The Grande Carajas mining project, Brazil as well as other individual projects have created a series of problems for the rainforests. The Grande Carajas project in particular is a large complex of open pit mines, which takes up more than 6miles of rainforest. Along with many other schemes of this nature, the Grande Carajas is contributing to the continued deforestation of the Amazon. In addition large areas were deforested to make way for the construction of The Trans-Amazonian Highway, which was meant to allow access in and out of several project schemes. After the highway was built evidence of soil erosion could be seen as the ground was left exposed due to the lack of vegetation. Access roads like this have been known to encourage settlements for the transport links they offer, and people will often settle close to the road, which leads to deforestation in order to create space. The HEP Project; the Tucurui dam also had similar affects to the Amazon. The reservoir created by the dam has an area of over 2000km, making it 5X the size of the Isle of Wight. This entire portion of the Brazilian rainforest has been drowned and the wildlife lost, there is also the possibility that unknown and endangered species were killed because of the creation therefore reducing biodiversity. Despite this, the scheme has been a key source for clean, renewable energy through the use of hydroelectric power; however the upset the project caused outweighs the benefits of the generated power. Sustainable development has been successful in many ways in minimising the loss of Biodiversity whilst creating economic development and wealth for countries with TRF biomes. Despite the damage The Grande Carajas mining project caused it has also aimed to be quite eco-friendly. It has resulted in the demolition of trees on only 1. 6% of its total areas. This has been shown to not of inhibited the project from becoming one of the world’s largest mines or from them supplying to countries such as Japan and Germany. Therefore, it’s not necessary to destroy the forest in order to achieve increased levels of wealth. Rubber tapping is an alternative industry to logging. It’s a process where rubber and latex are extracted from rubber trees. It’s an old tradition, which could be the reason for 63,000 families carrying it out on a daily basis. This type of sustainable development is successful, as it doesn’t involve cutting down or damaging trees so reserves can be established to allow rubber tappers to continue on the tradition allowing the culture to live on. This also provides jobs for future generations and gives them the opportunity to improve their standard of living. For centuries, tribal communities have extracted non-timber products such as fruits and nuts. One Acai palm tree produces 20kg of fruit annually which can be used to produce wine. Because the extraction technique doesn’t involve damaging the tree, deforestation rates have noticeably dropped, in spite of this Brazilian GDP has continued to increase. In contrast not all interests are shared in relation to preserving biodiversity. In spite of laws and restrictions approximately 80% of logging in Brazil is illegal and violates government controls and just 1% of logging is done sustainably. By law farmers are limited to 3 hectares per year, however this is very difficult to monitor and enforce so the limit is commonly exceeded. Ecotourism also aims to reduce the negative impacts caused by mass tourism. Whilst allowing people to visits places of natural beauty, tourists are encouraged to stay in self sustaining lodges/huts, use little electricity, dispose of waste safely and all income made from tourism goes to locals meaning the industry can be maininatined and improved for generations to come. For the Masai tribe, population pressure has meant overgrazing has left less and less space for their animals to graze even though their indigenous region is protected. The poaching of endangered species in these areas is also common, directly violating government regulations showing how insignificant the laws are to the people. Its imperative for ecosystems to maintain a high level of biodiversity as having a range of species helps maintain the ecosystem, i. e. : insects pollinate plants and animals disperse seeds. If one species dies out the entire ecosystem is affected. Biodiversity helps ecosystems adapt to the changing physical conditions, e. g. : If the climate changes in an ecosystem with low biodiversity all the species may die. When biodiversity is high, there’s a better chance that some of the species in an ecosystem will be able to adapt to the new conditions and survive. Reducing biodiversity threatens ecosystems and can be unsustainable. Humans rely on ecosystems to supply important natural resources such as food and fuel – when biodiversity is reduced; ecosystems are less able to produce these resources. This means that future generations won’t be able to make use of them to meet their needs. Personally, I would suggest that it’s not impossible to maintain the current level of biodiversity whilst improving the standard of living. As countries like Brazil have provide the momentum to push towards this goal as they was able to slow the rate of deforestation whilst still maintaining a high GDP. Giving proof that the world’s wildlife can be preserved and maintained whilst improving the economy and the standard of living. The creation of conservation complex’s such as the Central Amazon Complex has protected the surrounding area form major developments that might have impacts on the CACC. Ecotourism provides a source of income for locals and promotes conservation – in Mamiraua a low environmental impact ecotourism lodge has been built, which recycles waste and uses solar power. Reserves like this one are large and understaffed which makes it difficult to monitor and control illegal activities i. e. hunting. However initiatives that propose benefits for the local people may help deforestation rates etc to decrease as tax incentives as well as other benefits may give villages the tools needed to farm sustainably and help maintain biodiversity whilst achieving a reasonable standard of living which can only be built upon.